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Massachusetts (MASS-əə -⁠CHOO-sits,-⁠ acnes; Massachusett: Muhsachuweesut [məə hswat ʃ ə wi ː s ə t], formally the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is a state in the New England area of the Northeastern USA. It surrounds the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Maine to its east, Connecticut and Rhode Island to its south, New Hampshire and Vermont to its north, and New york city to its west. Massachusetts is the seventh-smallest state by land area. With an estimated populace of over 7. 1 million, it is one of the most heavily populated state in New England, the 16th-most-populous in the USA, and the third-most densely booming U. S. state, after New Jersey and Rhode Island. Massachusetts was a website of very early English emigration. The Plymouth Colony was started in 1620 by the Pilgrims of Mayflower. In 1630, the Massachusetts Bay Nest, taking its name from the Aboriginal Massachusett people, additionally established settlements in Boston and Salem. In 1692, the town of Salem and bordering locations experienced one of America's a lot of notorious situations of mass hysteria, the Salem witch trials. The American Revolution came from Massachusetts, with Boston becoming known as the "Cradle of Freedom" for its political frustration. In 1786, Shays' Disobedience, a populist revolt, influenced the United States Constitutional Convention. Originally depending on agriculture, angling, and profession, Massachusetts transformed right into a production center during the Industrial Revolution. Prior To the American Civil War, the state was a facility for the abolitionist, temperance, and transcendentalist movements. During the 20th century, the state's economy moved from manufacturing to services; in the 21st century, Massachusetts has become the international leader in biotechnology, and additionally masters artificial intelligence, engineering, college, money, and maritime trade. Boston is Massachusetts' funding and most populated city, as well as its cultural and monetary center; various other major cities are Worcester, Springfield, and Cambridge. The state additionally organizes the metropolitan core of Greater Boston, the biggest metropolitan area in New England, with profound impact on U. S. background, academic community, and the study economic climate. Massachusetts has a track record for social and political progressivism; it is the only U. S. state with a right to shelter legislation, and was the first U. S. state—-- and among the earliest jurisdictions worldwide—-- to legally acknowledge same-sex marriage. Harvard College in Cambridge is the earliest organization of higher understanding in the United States, with the biggest monetary endowment of any kind of college in the world. Both Harvard and MIT, likewise in Cambridge, are perennially ranked as either the most or amongst one of the most very concerned academic establishments in the world. Massachusetts is the most enlightened U. S. state, placing first by the portion of populace 25 and over with either a bachelor's level or postgraduate degree. Its public school system ranks initially in the country, with public college trainees putting among the leading rate on the planet in scholastic performance. Massachusetts is amongst the wealthiest and most established states, with the best performing economy. It rates first in both the American and United Nations Person Growth indexes, first in per capita revenue, and initially in mean income, both by house and separately. Consequently, Massachusetts is normally identified as the most effective U. S.state, along with the most costly state for homeowners to reside in.